Network nodes crave an IP address configuration that usually comprises the IP address, subnet mask, default gateway IP for the router, proper name servers and other values.
Administrators can manually set up this information, resulting in a static configuration. A Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server can also dynamically provide the information.
Generally, servers, routers, network printers and other such devices have a static configuration. Workstations, laptops, phones, tablets and other terminate-user devices receive their configuration via DHCP.
Client devices lease their IP accost configuration by using the post-obit four-step DORA process:
Discover. The client broadcasts an endeavor to detect a DHCP server.
Offering. DHCP servers that receive the client broadcast offer an IP address configuration.
Request. The customer formally requests the IP configuration from the showtime DHCP server to answer.
Acknowledge. The DHCP server acknowledges the lease and doesn't offer that aforementioned address to another client.
The lease must exist renewed by the client periodically.
At present that we've briefly reviewed how IP addresses are allocated and the lease generation process, let'southward delve into more particular about how to configure the Windows Server DHCP service.
1. Install DHCP on Windows Server 2019
The DHCP service is not automatically installed on Windows Server 2019. It is easy to add, yet, using either Server Manager or Windows PowerShell.
To add DHCP using Server Manager, select Add together Roles and Features, and then select DHCP in the Roles list.
To add the DHCP role using the command line, open Windows PowerShell (Admin), and type the post-obit:
Install the DHCP function past using Windows PowerShell.
The installation takes most one minute to consummate.
Once admins install the DHCP service, they can manage it by selecting Tools > DHCP.
2. Authorize DHCP in Active Directory
Windows-based DHCP servers must exist registered with Agile Directory (Advertising) earlier they begin offering IP address configurations to clients.
Right-click on the server node in the DHCP console, and select Qualify to accomplish this say-so. Y'all need Enterprise Admin privileges to authorize DHCP.
3. Create a scope
Before building the commencement pool of bachelor IP addresses, it's critical to plan the deployment. Devices, such as servers, routers and even printers, may have static IP accost configuration. Make sure you accept identified these addresses and that you allow for them in scope. Many administrators identify all statically assigned IP addresses at the front of the scope.
Here is a simple example pattern:
Scope address range: 192.168.two.0/24
Static IP addresses: 192.168.2.one through 192.168.2.25 (be certain to leave some room for additional devices)
Dynamic IP addresses: 192.168.2.26 through 192.168.2.254
You also need to get together boosted configuration details, including the following:
Proper name and description. The scope name and an optional description.
Default gateway value. The IP address of the network interface menu in the router attached to this network.
Name resolution servers. The IP address of one or more DNS servers.
Reservations. Any IP addresses that are dynamically allocated to specific clients, enabling those clients to acquire a consistent IP configuration from DHCP.
Lease time. The fourth dimension the IP accost charter is valid. It needs to be renewed at the halfway betoken of the lease. The Windows Server DHCP default is eight days.
4. Configure and actuate the scope
One time you have documented the above values, you tin configure the scope. Right-click the server node in the DHCP panel, and then select New Scope. A sorcerer prompts you for the information yous collected to a higher place. These settings can be changed later.
Create a new DHCP scope.
Once activated, the DHCP server begins responding to DHCP customer discover messages by offer IP addresses. The telescopic can be deactivated, the DHCP service can be stopped or restarted, and the DHCP server can exist deauthorized in AD.
5. DNS registration
DNS relates piece of cake-to-remember hostnames with difficult-to-remember IP addresses. This database can be populated in several ways.
I method is to configure the DHCP server to create resource records for the client. The DHCP server can be set to create A records (hostname to IP address), pointer (PTR) records (IP to hostname) or both.
The default is for DHCP to create the PTR record, while the customer itself registers its record with DNS.
Configure DNS options.
Administrative DHCP tasks
The DHCP service is simple to configure. Simply sys admins frequently detect some additional settings to exist useful.
Create reservation
In some cases, information technology's useful to let a client machine to maintain a consistent IP accost. While y'all could set the IP accost configuration statically, it's oftentimes better to reserve the IP accost for the client in DHCP. The customer goes through the DORA process to receive its settings, and so values, such as router and name resolution servers, can still be updated via DHCP.
Reserve an IP address for the Dev-Estimator.
DHCP failover
With Windows Server 2012, Microsoft introduced DHCP failover. It seems many administrators are unaware of this capability. Configuration is straightforward and requires no special software.
To configure DHCP failover, use the following steps:
Ensure the DHCP function is installed on both DHCP servers and that they have network connectivity with each other.
Configure a DHCP scope on one of the servers.
Correct-click the telescopic, and select DHCP Failover from the context card.
Complete the wizard.
Select the second DHCP server, and observe that the new scope appears.
Configure DHCP failover.
Logs
Managing service log files is a standard role for sys admins. DHCP writes messages to Event Viewer and to text files.
Sys admins tin can check the system log for general DHCP and network messages. They can find DHCP entries by drilling down to Applications and Services > Microsoft > Windows > DHCP-Server > Microsoft-Windows-DHCP-Server-Events > Operational.
DHCP also generates text-based log files stored at C:\Windows\System32\dhcp. These logs are extremely useful for troubleshooting. They can display information for why the server was unable to lease configurations to clients.
DHCP text logs
Notation that the text file logs are named based on days of the week and are overwritten weekly. If you desire to retain these logs, you must rename them before the upcoming day of the week can overwrite them.
The DHCP part is not installed by default, so the first stride is to add it. From at that place, create a new scope based on your plan.
Be careful of conflicting scopes
Every bit more subnets -- and, therefore, more than DHCP scopes -- are added to the network, it's imperative that sys admins accurately document the IP address ranges. Overlapping scopes, where 2 DHCP servers are offering the same IP addresses to clients, result in a diversity of network communications issues.
This is part of the reason why Microsoft requires DHCP servers to exist authorized in Advert. That say-so tin can only be implemented by Enterprise Admins, who should accept enough broad knowledge of network configuration to prevent conflicting scopes.
Avoid indistinguishable IP address offers
Ane of the most serious misconfigurations is a client reckoner configured with a static IP address that falls inside the DHCP server'due south scope. In that case, the server tin can offer the IP address to a client because it is unaware of the static IP. This results in an IP address conflict.
The Windows DHCP service can be configured to ping an IP address earlier offering it to a client. If the ping returns a response, the DHCP server knows the address is already in utilize and should not be offered. The server offers a different accost to the client.
Configure disharmonize detection attempts.
The ping request occurs between the Observe and Offering steps of the charter generation procedure. It introduces a significant delay, so only configure this setting if yous accept a real concern virtually undocumented static IP addresses on client devices.
Conclusion
Microsoft has made the configuration of a DHCP server straightforward. Make sure you have a solid understanding of the entire network's IP accost configurations before you begin and program your scope around both dynamic and static IP address assignments.
The DHCP role is not installed past default, so the first step is to add together it. From at that place, create a new scope based on your plan. Add any options, such as DNS and reserved addresses. Review log files regularly. DHCP is simple but critical for network communication.
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